![]() ![]() ![]() Moreover, Gappah shows that even at the height of European colonialism, East Africa was a confluence of forces: British, Portuguese, Omani, Indian, and African. Out of Darkness, Shining Light turns Livingstone’s love and revulsion for Africa back on him, using the real personnel of Livingstone’s expedition to navigate how his legacy has evolved in the wake of British colonialism and the establishment of nations like Zimbabwe, Zambia, Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda-all affected by Livingstone. Both narrators are semiunreliable, relating separate visions of the various members of Livingstone’s party as they journey nearly a year from the interior to the east coast of Africa to Bagamoyo, a hub of the Indian Ocean slave trade. Halima is one of two narrators in Gappah’s novel the other narrator is Jacob Wainwright, a Baganda freed in childhood from slavery and sent by the British to Bombay, India, to learn Christianity and “civilized” ways. ![]() The words are spoken by Livingstone ’s cook, Halima, a Nubian formerbondswoman who grew up in the service of the Omani sultan’s representative in Zanzibar. In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content: ![]()
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